Any suggestions or insights into sub-types of Damascus steel would be much appreciated!
I’m not completely clear on what you’re asking here, but I’ll take a stab at it.
Generally, when you see adjectives in front of the word Damascus like ladder, raindrop, twist, etc., those refer to the pattern of the Damascus. This is purely aesthetic.
Something I would consider is whether the Damascus is carbon steel or stainless. Personally, I mostly prefer stainless steel for pocket knives (especially if appearance is important) for the increased rust resistance.
Another factor to consider is hardness. Personally, I’m generally of the opinion that harder is better when it comes to pocket knife blades, as a harder blade will stay sharp longer (all other things being equal, but will be more difficult to sharpen if and when it does get dull), and a pocket knife blade shouldn’t really be subject to impact loading (e.g. chopping) that would make brittleness a concern.
You may find some manufacturers specify the maker and or trade name of the Damascus they use, but many do not.